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交流接触器和直流接触器有何不同？
发布日期：06-26 18:00 分类：接触器和保护继电器 阅读次数：1246
摘要接触器这个名词的前边冠以“交流”或者“直流”，意思就是此款接触器的主回路应用于交流回路或者直流回路。1）直流接触器与交流接触器的外形图1：直流接触器与交流接触器的外形从图1看到，直流接触器的主回路一般 ...
接触器这个名词的前边冠以“交流”或者“直流”，意思就是此款接触器的主回路应用于交流回路或者直流回路。
图1：直流接触器与交流接触器的外形从图1看到，直流接触器的主回路一般是两极，因为直流只有正极和负极。对比交流接触器因为开合三相电的原因，所以交流接触器有3极。
2）关于接触器的过电压和灭弧措施
对于交流回路，当接触器断开时，回路产生的过电压较小。同时，交流电弧存在过零的零休时刻，电弧会熄灭，过零后重燃，所以交流电弧的熄弧措施相对容易。
对于直流回路，当接触器断开时，回路产生的过电压高，电弧不易熄灭。
由此可见，交流接触器与直流接触器相比，它的灭弧措施相对简单。
我们从图1中看到，直流接触器的灭弧室大而复杂，交流接触器的灭弧室相对简单
3）接触器与前级线路保护装置的协调配合
当线路发生短路时，前级线路保护装置（熔断器、断路器）的保护动作需要时间。在这段时间内，接触器必须承受短路电流的热冲击，我们把此现象叫做接触器的保护协调配合关系，用SCPD来表示。
在国家标准GB/T 14048.4《低压开关设备和控制设备 第4部分：接触器和电动机保护装置，……》中，把SCPD分为两类，其中类型1在开断完成后接触器主回路就会损坏，而类型2则不会损坏。
显见，直流和交流的保护协调配合关系SCPD是不一样的，使用时必须认真查阅参数表。
4）关于接触器的线圈电压
交流接触器的线圈电压可以是交流的，也可以是直流的，但直流接触器的线圈电压都是直流的。
我们看下图：
图2：某款交流接触器主要参数表注意到图2最下方的线圈功耗，其中给出了线圈电压为交流和直流时的功耗参数。
5）接触器的铁芯和衔铁
接触器的铁芯与衔铁之间的吸合电动力为： ，这里的Φ是铁芯磁通，S是铁芯端面面积。我们把 代入，会发现交流驱动的铁芯在磁通过零时会因为吸力消失和反力弹簧的作用而返回，过零后再次吸持，因而会产生振动。见下图：
图3：接触器交流线圈的铁芯与衔铁的吸力特性注意看图3中在横坐标0、π和2π等处交流电磁吸力等于零。
也因此，直流线圈的铁芯和衔铁采用整块电工软铁制造，交流线圈的铁芯和衔铁采用硅钢片叠片压制，并且铁芯要配套分磁环。
图4：交流接触器的衔铁（前）、铁芯（后）和铁芯分磁环最主要的区别就是这些。
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